Sub-sources

TOPOLOGY - Aspect of modelling

G.J.O. Jameson (1974). topology and normed spaces. London: Chapman and hall. 1-14.

“The aim of topology is to find the most general setting in which concepts of the type can still be profitably defined and studied. The key to this is the realization that these concepts can all be formulated purely in terms of neighbourhoods”

“ Informally, a topology can be regarded as a ‘rule’ that gives meaning to notions like ‘continuous’, ’limit’ and ‘open’.

Lefschetz, S (1975). Applications of algebraic topology. New York: Springer-Verlag. 3-42.

“In topology, limit is dimension”.

“There are many approaches to topology. One of the most accessible is by means of the notion of distance. Our purpose in the present chapter is to sketch this approach and a few of the general concepts derivable from it”.

Ward, L (1972). Topology. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1-36.

“The concept of compactness is amongthe most important deas of analysis, and it was studied extensively in Euclidean spaces well before the notion of a topological space was conceieved. The compact subsets of a Euclidean space are simply the closed sets with finite diameter. The idea of having finite diameter does not translate readily into the terminology of topological spaces, and even in metric spaces the closed sets with finite diameter do not necessarily possess the essential qualities of compact sets in Euclidean spaces”

“To a large extent, topology is concerned with properties of sets which are preserved by continuous functions”

ARCHITECTURE- Aspect of design

Brookes, A. Poole, D (2004). Innovation in Architecture. London: Spon Press. 15-28.

“mock-ups are required in order to explain and demonstrate, to learn, refine, tune and to achieve the right overall assembly and performance.”

Sharp, D (1966). Modern architecture and expressionism. Lonon: Longmans. 166-168.

“Architects of the visionary phase sought a complete freedom of expression”

Schirmbeck, E (1987). Idea, form, and architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 9-132.

“The individual design elements on which the particular designs are based are demonstration through a pictorial presentation of their architectural characteristics. This analysis is of the designer’s activity to make the clearest and most unwquivocal statement on behalf of the given architecture”